Combining Decision Trees with Angle Indices to Identify Mangrove Forest at Shenzhen Bay,China     

LIU Chunyan  GUO Hongqin  ZHANG Xuehong  CHEN Jian 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2017,8(5):545-549

Mangroves are woody plant communities in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts that play an important role in these zones. The infrared wave band is one of the key bands in the remote sensing identification of mangrove forest, and ALI (advanced land imagery) has a large number of infrared bands. Two angle indices were proposed based on liquid water absorption at band 5p and band 5 of EO-1 ALI, denoted as β_1.25 and β_1.65 respectively. A decision tree method was adopted to identify mangrove forest using remote sensing techniques for β_1.25-β_1.65 and NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) for EO-1 ALI imagery acquired at Shenzhen Bay. The results showed that the reflectance of mangrove forests at band 5p and band 5 was significantly lower than that of terrestrial vegetation due to the characteristics of coastal wetlands of mangrove forests. This resulted in a greater β_1.25-β_1.65 value for mangrove forest than terrestrial vegetation. The decision tree method using β_1.25-β_1.65 and NDVI effectively identifies mangrove forest from other land cover categories. The misclassification and leakage rates were 4.29% and 5.11% respectively. ALI sensors with many infrared bands could play an important role in discriminating mangrove forest.  相似文献   

超低仰角扫描改进雷达观测台风的探讨     

徐八林  刘黎平  吴昌叨  王改利  解莉燕 《高原气象》2012,31(1):251-257

利用长乐雷达超低仰角探测资料,对比分析了台风"海棠"和"蔷薇"的超低仰角和0.5°仰角PPI回波资料的差别。结果表明,在不受或尽量少受地物影响的情况下,雷达合理选用超低仰角探测是可行的,且在低层降水回波探测方面效果较0.5°仰角好,特别在远距离探测能力方面有明显改进,一般在距离>100km后探测能力较0.5°仰角有明显优势。雷达超低仰角反映出的台风云块的分布比较清晰,雷达加入超低仰角探测对台风低层探测和预警有一定程度的改进。降低0.12°后的超低仰角探测可提前台风预警时间和提早约2～6个体扫;提高台风探测范围约1.09倍,其他几次体扫的对比情况也反映出降低仰角,0.31°仰角比0.48°仰角提高台风"蔷薇"探测范围约为2.1%～9.6%。雷达超低仰角提高探测台风云体低层结构的同时,更易受近距离海浪杂波的影响,海浪杂波有时可能干扰对台风结构的判断,应引起注意。在选取多大的超低仰角时,应兼顾二者关系。  相似文献   

平均入射角道集PP波与PS波联合反演   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

石瑛  芦俊  杨震  杨春 《地球物理学报》2015,58(12):4617-4627

在界面两侧地层的弹性参数弱反差的假设难以成立的情况下,本文提出用平均入射角道集进行PP波与PS波的联合反演.首先,在PP波与PS波AVA(amplitude versus angle,振幅随入射角变化)道集的基础上,分别选择小入射角范围与大入射角范围的AVA道集进行局部加权叠加,以获得由两个角度组成的平均入射角道集,并作为后续反演的输入数据.然后,再通过最小二乘原理建立了PP波与PS波联合反演目标函数,推导了模型修改量的向量公式,建立了平均入射角道集联合反演的流程.模型数据与实际数据的测试结果表明:在信噪比较低、地层弹性参数反差较大、层厚较薄的情况下,该反演方法的精度在很大程度上超过了基于近似反射系数的反演方法,为复杂油气藏勘探提供了新的思路.  相似文献   

Damage response of multistorey r/c buildings with different structural systems subjected to seismic motion of arbitrary orientation          下载免费PDF全文

Konstantinos Kostinakis  Konstantinos Morfidis  Hariton Xenidis 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(12):1919-1937

In the present study the combined influence of seismic orientation and a number of parameters characterizing the structural system of Reinforced Concrete (R/C) buildings on the level of expected damages are examined. For the purposes of the above investigation eight medium‐rise buildings are designed on the basis of the current seismic codes. The structural characteristics examined are the ratio of the base shear received by the structural walls, the ratio of horizontal stiffness in two orthogonal directions and the structural eccentricity. Then, the buildings are analyzed by nonlinear time response analysis using 100 bidirectional earthquake ground motions. The two horizontal accelerograms of each ground motion are applied along horizontal orthogonal axes, forming 72 different angles with the structural axes. The structural damage is expressed in terms of the Park and Ang damage index. The results of the analyses revealed that the damage level of the buildings is strongly affected by the incident angle of the ground motion. The extent at which the orientation of the seismic records influences the damage response depends on the structural system and the distance of the record to the fault rupture. As a consequence, the common practice of applying the earthquake records along the structural axes can lead to significant underestimation of structural damage. Also, it was shown that the structural eccentricity can significantly differentiate the seismic damage level, as well as the impact of the earthquake orientation on the structural damage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Displacement amplification factors for steel eccentrically braced frames          下载免费PDF全文

Ahmet Kuşy𝚤lmaz  Cem Topkaya 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(2):167-184

Inelastic deformation capacity of links is a factor that significantly influences design of steel eccentrically braced frames (EBFs). The link rotation angle is used to describe inelastic link deformation. The link rotation angle is generally calculated by making use of design story drifts that in turn are calculated by modifying the elastic displacements by a displacement amplification factor. This paper presents a numerical study undertaken to evaluate the displacement amplification factor given in ASCE7‐10 for EBFs and the rigid‐plastic mechanism used for calculating link rotation angles. A total of 72 EBFs were designed by considering the number of stories, the bay width, the link length to bay width ratio, and the seismic hazard level as the prime variables. All structures were analyzed using elastic and inelastic time history analyses. The results indicated that the displacement amplification factor given in ASCE7‐10 provides unconservative estimates of the story drifts. On the other hand, the rigid‐plastic mechanism provides conservative estimates of link rotations. Based on the results of the numerical study, a new set of displacement amplification factors that vary along the height of the structure and modifications to the rigid‐plastic mechanism were developed. In light of the proposed modifications, the EBFs were redesigned and analyzed using inelastic time history analysis. The results indicated that the proposed modifications provide improvements for the displacement amplification factor and link rotation angle calculation procedures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Polarimetric scattering model for estimation of above ground biomass of multilayer vegetation using ALOS-PALSAR quad-pol data     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2015

Forests are important biomes covering a major part of the vegetation on the Earth, and as such account for seventy percent of the carbon present in living beings. The value of a forest’s above ground biomass (AGB) is considered as an important parameter for the estimation of global carbon content. In the present study, the quad-pol ALOS-PALSAR data was used for the estimation of AGB for the Dudhwa National Park, India. For this purpose, polarimetric decomposition components and an Extended Water Cloud Model (EWCM) were used. The PolSAR data orientation angle shifts were compensated for before the polarimetric decomposition. The scattering components obtained from the polarimetric decomposition were used in the Water Cloud Model (WCM). The WCM was extended for higher order interactions like double bounce scattering. The parameters of the EWCM were retrieved using the field measurements and the decomposition components. Finally, the relationship between the estimated AGB and measured AGB was assessed. The coefficient of determination (R²) and root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.4341 and 119 t/ha respectively.  相似文献   

高温循环作用后大理岩裂纹扩展试验研究     

曾严谨  荣冠  彭俊  沙松 《岩土力学》2018,39(Z1):220-226

利用偏光显微镜对经历不同高温循环作用后的细粒大理岩进行观测,通过统计微裂纹长度、开度、数量等参数,探讨不同加热循环次数后岩样内微裂纹的扩展规律。结果表明,（1）经历不同热循环次数作用的岩样,微裂纹的数量和长度均不同,未经热处理岩样内颗粒致密,胶结较好,内部无明显的微裂纹。经历4次热循环作用后岩样内微裂纹发育明显,以晶界裂纹为主,开度和长度均显著增加。岩样经历16次热循环作用后开度持续增大,为55 µm,是4次热循环的4倍;（2）对不同热循环处理后岩样内部发育微裂纹的方向进行了统计,发现微裂纹无明显的方向性,还表明细观切片的取样位置对微裂纹的发育影响不大;（3）线性裂纹密度随热循环次数的增加而增大,经历16次热循环作用后岩样的线性裂纹密度是没有经历热处理岩样的21倍。  相似文献   

钙质砂的休止角研究与工程应用     

金宗川 《岩土力学》2018,39(7):2583-2590

砂土的天然休止角对土堆设计、基坑设计和边坡稳定性研判有重要的指导意义。砂土的天然休止角受土颗粒的摩擦特性、颗粒形状、粒径和含水状态等诸多因素的影响。开展了钙质砂的天然休止角试验,研究了多种因素对钙质砂天然休止角的影响规律。结果表明：钙质砂3种常见颗粒形状中,片状休止角最大,枝棒状次之,块状最小;钙质砂天然休止角随着粒径的增大而增大;当平均粒径相同时,天然休止角随着不均匀系数的增大而增大,随着曲率系数的增大而减少;通过与标准石英砂的对比试验发现,石英砂的天然休止角小于钙质砂天然休止角。对现场钙质砂边坡测量后表明,钙质砂地基经过振冲挤密后基坑开挖最大坡角略大于室内测得的天然休止角。研究结果对钙质砂土堆和基坑设计等工程实践有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

基于离散元方法对走滑拉分盆地演化及次级断裂扩展过程研究     

刘源  KONIETZKY Heinz 《地质力学学报》2019,25(5):840-852

拉分盆地是一种与走滑断裂带密切相关的特殊拉张构造,因其重要的构造意义,及其与火山活动、中小地震群集、特殊的成矿作用间的伴生关系而受到研究者的高度重视。关于拉分盆地的形成演化过程,已有较多的研究成果,但是由于研究手段的限制,缺少对盆地演化中次级断裂扩展过程的研究。基于离散元的数值计算方法是研究断裂扩展方式的理想方法。本文采用基于离散元的颗粒流方法,揭示纯走滑拉分盆地发育过程中的断裂扩展和连接过程,为拉分盆地演化机理和断裂扩展提供新的研究方法。同时,根据主走滑断层与块体运动方向的夹角不同,建立不同的张扭性拉分盆地模型,系统研究张扭性盆地的断裂扩展和演化机理。将上述理论研究结果与死海盆地等经典拉分盆地实例相结合,探讨了死海盆地、土耳其Cinarcik盆地、哥伦比亚El Paraiso盆地等的形成演化机理和断裂扩展方式。   相似文献   

铝合金钻杆强度的模拟仿真分析     

周海龙  刘宝昌  王骕  李闯 《世界地质》2017,36(3):1008-1014

与传统的钢制钻杆相比,铝合金钻杆具有密度小、比强度高、无磁等优点,因此在钻井作业中具有较大优势。钻杆在井下工作环境恶劣,如与井壁发生碰撞,将导致钻杆变形,降低其强度。笔者通过Ansys LS-DYNA以及Workbench进行仿真,研究Φ147 mm铝合金钻杆与孔壁碰撞后的变形状态,以及产生裂纹后对其强度进行分析。结果表明,Φ147 mm铝合金钻杆在使用过程中,钻杆主体段相对薄弱,在2 m/s的速度下与钻孔壁发生碰撞会产生塑性变形,从而降低铝合金钻杆的性能。钻杆主体段的裂纹长度1 mm时,在载荷作用下,将发生裂纹扩展,导致钻杆断裂。钻杆主体段有裂纹时,在疲劳载荷作用下,有裂纹的钻杆所能承受的载荷是无裂纹钻杆所能承受载荷的五分之一。  相似文献